نشریه سالمندشناسی
سال ششم شماره 3 (پیاپی 22، پاییز 1400)

The "Renovation" University is the first university for the elderly in Turkey, which relies on theoretical assumptions and concepts. The solutions given in the field of geriatrics in societies today are to increase life expectancy and to be seen healthy until the end of life. One of the first questions that comes to mind is how will this quality of life be achieved? The "Renovation" University is a gerontology activity with a "lifelong learning" model in line with this goal. The two-dimensional curriculum, theoretically and practically appropriate to the needs of the elderly, conveys useful information and on the other hand helps to acquire new talents and abilities according to the gender of the elderly. For example, cooking is taught for men and repairs are taught for women. By increasing the abilities and information of the elderly in the mental, physical and social fields, it helps to increase the quality of life related to the physical, mental, social aspects and further to maintain health.

Participation of the elderly in leisure sports activities with a game approach, leads to improving their quality of  life and by creating motivation and hope, moderates the inertia created in old age. The aim of this study was to identify and prioritize the effective factors in the development of games and sports for the elderly.

The present study was conducted with a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative) in the period of February 2020 to May 2020. The qualitative research was exploratory with a qualitative content analysis approach that was conducted  through interviews with the focus group. Data were analyzed by using open, axial and selective coding in MAXQDA 10 software. In the quantitative part, in order to prioritize the factors, the network analysis process (ANP) technique and Super Decisions software version 2.8 were used.

The findings of this study identified 4 main categories and 8 general categories, which are: game and sports design, benefits of games and sports, requirements for game and sports development and types of games. Cultural factor with a normal weight of 0.329 in the first place and  then  the development factor by private and public sector with a normal weight of 0.212, design factor of principles and rules with a normal weight of 0.113, community and elderly interaction factor with a normal weight of 0.110, game equipment design factor And exercise with normal weight 0.087, physical and mental health factor with normal weight 0.069, physical play factor with normal weight 0.046 and mental play factor with normal weight 0.030, were included.

According to the findings of this study, with the correct culture around games and sports, the participation of the elderly in active leisure can be provided. Also, the development of facilities by the private and public sectors must be implemented.

The rapid growth of the elderly population and the sedentary and mechanical lifestyle of the present age, on the other hand, double the physical, psychological, social and economic problems in old age and affect the quality of life of individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity and various dimensions of quality of life in the elderly.

The present study is descriptive and cohort type. 240 elderly people of Lahijan county were selected as a sample in 2021 through sports delegations and the presence location of non-athlete elderly people. Descriptive tests, independent groups t-test, Spearman correlation coefficient and Mann-Whitney U test were used and all statistical operations were performed using SPSS software version 23.

The results showed that the mean of physical health variables in active elderly was 22.98 and inactive 19.88, environmental in active elderly was 25.42 and inactive was 22.6, psychological state of active elderly was 20.79 and inactive was 17.6 and the quality of life of active elderly is 79.05 and inactive is 67.53. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the quality of life of active and inactive elderly (P˂0.01).

It is suggested that health planning managers try to remove barriers, strengthen the motivation of the elderly to participate in sports, and focus their attention on improving the quality of life of the elderly.

Frailty is a complex syndrome in which the reduction of physiological reserves in various organs increases vulnerability to stressors and negative health outcomes in the elderly. Considering that no specific intervention based on Pender lifestyle education has been performed to reduce the outcomes of this syndrome, the present study aims to determine the Effect of lifestyle education based on Pender model on frailty outcomes in community-dwelling older adults.

In this single-blind randomized clinical trial, 50 eligible elderly were selected and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The elderly in the intervention group received 6 training sessions based on the dimensions of Pender lifestyle. The control group did not receive any intervention but was given an educational booklet at the end of the study. Outcomes measured in this study included Activities of daily living, fear of falling, physical function and hospitalization. Data were collected before the intervention and 3 months after the intervention.

there was no significant difference between the mean outcome scores of the two groups before the study. However, intervention group scores for fear of falling (32.54 ± 11.275 vs. 25.16 ± 5.764), physical activity (1104.71 ± 1460.387 vs. 1771.72 ± 1168.229) and physical function (7.50 ± 2.654 vs. 8.64 ± 2.430) were significantly higher than control group 3 month after intervention. There was no significant difference between the scores of daily life activities (1.319 5. 5.36 vs. 5.77 5. 5.80) and the number of readmissions (25% vs. 20%) in the intervention and control groups.

Providing lifestyle education based on Pender model can reduce the fear of falling, physical activity and physical function in frailty people, but this intervention could not significantly improve the ability of the elderly to perform activities of daily living and reduce elderly readmitted to the hospital. However, further studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to measure the effect of the intervention on all outcomes of frailty syndrome.

Due to the prevalence of chronic pain in elderly women and its effect on psychological aspects such as anxiety and depression, it seems necessary to find practical strategies. Thus, the main purpose of this study is the effect of mindfulness-aromatherapy training on anxiety and depression in elderly women with chronic pain.

The present quasi-experimental study was performed by pretest-posttest method and follow-up with a control group. The research community of elderly women with chronic pain referred to hospitals, pain clinics, rehabilitation, orthopedics, physiotherapy and the elderly in the western region of Tehran in 2017. Using available sampling method and using entry and exit criteria, 30 people were selected and randomly divided into two equal groups. The experimental group underwent group intervention of mindfulness-aroma massage therapy in 10 sessions of 120 minutes and the control group remained on the waiting list. The groups were evaluated for depression and anxiety in the pre-test and post-test stages. At the end of the intervention, the questionnaires were administered again for both groups and after 45 days, the test was followed up again and the data obtained from pre-test-post-test and follow-up were analyzed by analysis of covariance using SPSS-19 software.

Data analysis showed that intervention based on mindfulness and aroma massage, significantly improved depression and anxiety in the participants (F=4.916; p=0.003), (F=14.070; p=0.001) in the experimental group compared to the control group (p<0.05), and these effects remained (F=0.895; p=0.345), (F=3.403; p=0.079) in the follow-up phase (p>0.05)

According to the findings of this study, mindfulness-aroma massage, may improve depression and anxiety in the elderly and represent new horizons in clinical interventions and can be used as an effective intervention method in improving the general health and quality of life of the elderly with chronic pain.

reducing ageism is one of the most important factors to increase life satisfaction among the elderly. Ageism in the society can be observed and search able in various institutions. One of the sources for search ageism is the media and specially cinema. Therefore, the purpose of this study is representing  the elderly role’s charactericties in the Iranian movies Durnig the last 30 years(1989-2018).

This is a descriptive-analytical study of quantitative content analysis.  The sample of this study includes 65 elderly roles from 41 films focusing on the elderly, which were selected by purposive sampling of Iranian movies in the last 30 years. The data collection tool in this study was Magoffin checklist for Older Characters in Movies. Descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage were used to describe the characteristics of the role of the elderly and Chi-square test was used in SPSS software version 23 to analyze the relationships.

The results showed that in the examined films, the majority of the elderly who were shown were young old (52.3%) male (72.3%) and of Persian ethnicity (89.2%) .The genre of most films (44%) was drama and mostly played a minor role (49.2%). But the elderly were active and independent (55.4%); but in general, most of the stereotypes were related to the elderly (58.5%) and only 32.3% of the stereotypes were positively represented. Negative stereotypes were more common in older men (59.6%) than older women, and older women were more represented with positive stereotypes (38.9%); But this difference was not statistically significant (p <0.05).  The most common age stereotypes in the last 30 years have been John Wayne conservative (positive) and Despondent (negative) age stereotypes. , although The trend of changes in stereotypes in the last 30 years is positive, has not been statistically significant (p <0.05).

The results showed that the representation of the role of the elderly in Iranian films During the last 30 years portrayed ageism and negative stereotypes more than positive and neutral stereotypes and in recent years there has been no significant change. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to media interventions related to the elderly and the production of films focusing on the elderly; To promote active aging and increase the respect and social inclusion of the elderly in society.

The growing population of the elderly in recent decades has made it necessary to pay special attention to the concept of wisdom as an effective ability. However, experts believe that wisdom includes knowledge, insight, reflection, combining one's interests with the well-being of others. For this purpose, the present study was Desighning of Wisdom model based on positive and negative emotion and spiritual intelligence mediated attitude to death in the elderly.

The present study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all people over 60 years of age in Semnan in the first half of 1400. From the mentioned statistical population, 200 people were selected by available sampling method and participated in this research. For data collection from the three dimensional wisdom scale, Postive Affect and Negative Affect Scales, Abdollahzadeh et al.'s Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire, and The Death Attitude Profile- Revised Wong et al. were used. Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation analysis were used to analyze the data.

The results of correlation test showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between wisdom and the component of positive emotion and a negative and significant relationship with negative emotion (p <0.01). Between wisdom and positive and significant spiritual intelligence was obtained (p <0.01). Also, a positive and significant relationship was found between wisdom with active acceptance and a negative and significant relationship with acceptance of escape, fear of death and avoidance of death (p <0.01). But there was no significant relationship between wisdom and neutral acceptance (p> 0.01). The findings of the present study showed that the tested model has a good fit. The direct effects of positive and negative emotion and spiritual intelligence on positive wisdom were significant (p <0.05). Also, the indirect effect of spiritual intelligence through the mediating role of attitude toward death on wisdom was positive and significant (p <0.05).

This model can be a good model for identifying the factors affecting wisdom in the elderly and its results can be used in planning to increase wisdom.

Regarding the high prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress, as well-known complications of aging, understanding the factors associated with these problems is very important. The aging perception is proposed as a factor- that can play a role in the mental health of the elderly. The aim of this study was investigating the relationship between aging perception with stress, anxiety and depression in the elderly members of the Tehran's social security retirees in 2020.

The present study was a cross-sectional correlational study in which 300 elderly people referring to the Tehran's social security retirees were participated. Data were collected online using demographic information questionnaire, abbreviated psychological status questionnaire (AMT), abbreviated the understanding aging (BAPQ) and stress, depression and anxiety questionnaire (DASS 21) and analysed with SPSS 21 software.

In this study, 69.3% of the elderly were female and 30.7% were male. The mean score of aging perception was 55.01 ± 97.7 which shows the average level of aging perception. The highest mean of aging perception was related to the dimension of negative control (13.28 ±22.117) and the lowest mean was related to the dimension of emotional reactions (7.51 ±10.826). The mean scores of stress was 13.9 ± 19.282, depression (12.55 ± 20.168) and anxiety (11.32 ± 17.09) which shows that the elderly experienced high levels of stress, depression and anxiety. The perception of aging was significantly associated with depression, anxiety and stress in the elderly (p= 0.001).

According to this study, the higher perception of aging is related with higher incidence of depression, anxiety and stress, so the perception of aging can be considered as a predictor of depression, anxiety and stress in the elderly. However, the difference between the results of this study and other existing data reveals a need for more and deeper assessment in this field to clarify the various dimensions of this relationship.